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For K-12 Students · Orbital Elements

Orbital Elements for a satellite reentry

Built for k-12 students learning it in middle or high school. Watch the idea come alive with plain-language steps and everyday examples — perfect for projects and homework. Simulate a satellite reentry live below — adjust the inputs and watch it respond, right in your browser.

Orbital ElementsLive

the shape of an orbit

Controls

Presets

Semi-major axis (km)

Eccentricity

Arg. of periapsis (°)

Speed1×

An orbit's size and shape come from two numbers: the semi-major axis sets the period (and average altitude), and the eccentricity sets how elongated the ellipse is. Earth sits at one focus, so the satellite races through its low perigee and crawls at its high apogee — Kepler's second law in motion. The argument of periapsis rotates the ellipse.

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Data Inspector

Period166 min

Apogee alt.7629 km

Perigee alt.-371 km

Eccentricity0.40

Governing equation

r = \frac{a ( 1 - e ^{2} )}{1 + e cos ν} = \frac{10000 ( 1 - 0.4 0 ^{2} )}{1 + 0.40 cos ν} km

Reading this result: Moderate eccentricity stretches the ellipse; the 166 min period is fixed by the semi-major axis alone, independent of how elongated the shape is.

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Frequently asked questions

Is this good for k-12 students?: Yes — this version of "Orbital Elements for a satellite reentry" is framed for k-12 students learning it in middle or high school. Watch the idea come alive with plain-language steps and everyday examples — perfect for projects and homework.
Do I need to install anything?: No. It runs in any modern browser, free, with no account required.