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For K-12 Students · Sensor Signal Chain

Sensor Signal Chain for a signal filter

Built for k-12 students learning it in middle or high school. Watch the idea come alive with plain-language steps and everyday examples — perfect for projects and homework. Simulate a signal filter live below — adjust the inputs and watch it respond, right in your browser.

Op-Amp CircuitsLive

Controls

Presets

The op-amp is the fundamental building block of analog electronics. With negative feedback, its gain is set entirely by external resistors: an inverting amp gives −R2/R1, a non-inverting amp 1+R2/R1. An integrator uses a feedback capacitor to output the running integral of its input.

▶ Run in Python

Data Inspector

Configurationinverting
Gain-10.00×
Output-10.00 V
Statuslinear

Governing equation

Reading this result: Inverting gain is −R2/R1 = -10.00×: the output is a scaled, flipped copy of the input, set entirely by the resistor ratio.

Runs locally in your browser — free forever. Scale to the cloud when reality gets heavy.

Sampling & AliasingLive

Controls

Presets

To capture a signal faithfully you must sample above twice its highest frequency — the Nyquist rate. Sample too slowly and a high frequency masquerades as a lower one: aliasing. Push the signal frequency above half the sample rate and watch the reconstructed wave collapse to a false, slower tone.

▶ Run in Python

Data Inspector

Nyquist frequency10.0 Hz
Statusproperly sampled
Apparent frequency3.0 Hz

Governing equation

Reading this result: Sampling at 20 Hz puts the Nyquist limit at 10.0 Hz. The 3 Hz signal sits below that, so it is captured faithfully and reconstructs at its true frequency.

Runs locally in your browser — free forever. Scale to the cloud when reality gets heavy.

Fourier Transform (FFT)Live

Controls

Build a signal from a few sine tones plus noise, and the discrete Fourier transform recovers exactly which frequencies are present — the foundation of all signal processing.

Presets

▶ Run in Python

Data Inspector

Samples256
Peaks at4, 9
TransformDFT

Governing equation

Reading this result: The FFT splits this 2-tone signal into bins: each input sinusoid at 4, 9 appears as a distinct spike, and with noise at 0 the baseline between them stays clean.

Runs locally in your browser — free forever. Scale to the cloud when reality gets heavy.

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Frequently asked questions

Is this good for k-12 students?
Yes — this version of "Sensor Signal Chain for a signal filter" is framed for k-12 students learning it in middle or high school. Watch the idea come alive with plain-language steps and everyday examples — perfect for projects and homework.
Do I need to install anything?
No. It runs in any modern browser, free, with no account required.